Science
NASA/JPL-Caltech/SETI InstituteOcean worlds. Open questions.
Beneath Europa’s fractured ice may lie an ocean. The next question is whether it could support life — and what evidence would answer it.
Read the story2 min read · 2 Sources
Our standard of evidenceLaunch edition · Oct 2026
Explore the evidence. Question the unknown.
Our standard of evidence
Science at the edge of the known
ARTIST’S CONCEPT · NASA/JPL-CaltechScience
Enceladus has an essential ingredient. That isn’t proof of life.
Cassini data revealed phosphorus in material from Saturn’s ocean moon. What the measurement supports, and what it leaves open.
ARTIST’S CONCEPT · NASA/JPL-CaltechExplainer
Exoplanets: what a planetary detection establishes
Detecting a planet is the start of investigating its properties and environment.
ARTIST’S CONCEPT · NASA/JPL-CaltechScience
Listening is only the beginning
Radio searches, atmospheric chemistry and waste heat offer different ways to look for technology beyond Earth.
Unidentified. Still worth investigating.
Analysis
How perspective changes the GoFast video
AARO’s case analysis attributes the impression of extraordinary speed to motion parallax.
Analysis
Better data, before bigger conclusions
NASA’s UAP study focuses on how to collect observations that scientists can actually test.
The public record
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FAAFacility Operation and Administration: reporting UAP activity
An official reporting procedure is a record of how observations should be communicated.
Date not specifiedPrimary source
Case resolution report
AAROAARO’s GoFast case resolution
The original analysis of viewing geometry and the object’s apparent motion.
Feb 6, 2025Primary source
Independent study report
NASANASA UAP Independent Study Team Report
The original 2023 public report on data, research methods and the scientific study of UAP.
Sep 14, 2023Primary source
Case files / AP-CASE-003
The Wow! signal
One unusual radio observation, decades of questions, and no confirmed extraterrestrial identification.
Inconclusive- 15 August 1977
Big Ear observation
The narrowband signal is detected during a sky survey.
Original source · SETI Institute - 14 August 2025
Archival reanalysis
A preprint revisits the signal parameters and interpretation.
Original source · arXiv
HypothesesHypothesis Hypothesis Hypotheses
Hypotheses worth testing
This is an explanatory proposal, not an established fact.
The Fermi question: where is everybody?
A useful question becomes a testable scientific claim only when its assumptions are made explicit.
The Great Filter
An argument about why a universe with many potential habitats might yield little visible evidence of advanced civilizations.
CONNECT THE EVIDENCE
Follow the evidence
Explore research, public records and open questions.
Knowledge databaseLatest additions
Science
NASA sets coverage schedule for SpaceX CRS-35 station cargo mission
NASA’s Oct. 7 media advisory sets coverage for SpaceX CRS-35, an ISS cargo flight targeted for launch on Oct. 13, 2026 and docking on Oct. 15, with all times subject to change. The notice also lists an Oct. 8 teleconference, more than 6,300 pounds of supplies, and highlighted payloads including solar arrays, artificial retinas hardware, heart-tissue models, glass studies, and brain organoids.
Science
NASA Glenn announces Phase 1 proposals for planned Aerospace Power Systems Laboratory
NASA’s Glenn Research Center says it is seeking Phase 1 proposals for the design and construction of the Aerospace Power Systems Laboratory. The advisory says the planned facility would support testing and development of power systems and provide modern test facilities for power research. NASA lists a proposal deadline of Oct. 30, 2026, and an anticipated contract award date of Dec. 16, 2026, but this remains an announcement, not proof the project is complete.
Texts & myths
Anunnaki: ancient religious context and modern interpretations
Start with the scholarly textual context. A divine name in an ancient tradition and a modern extraterrestrial explanation are different kinds of claim.
Editor’s picks
Explainer
Reading the Cassini phosphate result
A peer-reviewed measurement constrains ocean chemistry; it does not identify an organism.
Timeline
A chronology of three public UAP records
Publication milestones show what entered the public record. They do not establish the origin of unidentified observations.